Every year, severe accidents occur on construction sites from improper equipment use. Safety precautions almost go without saying when working with large equipment like skid steers and telehandlers, but operators also must pause to consider the piece of equipment working in the background: the generator.
Because portable generators are small and quiet, they are often ignored. However, generators are very powerful and can seriously harm a negligent operator. With some basic knowledge and a conscious commitment to safety, most potential dangers can be prevented.
Before operating the generator, become familiar with the owner’s manual. Identify the main parts of the generator and all warning and hazard symbols. Many models have decals displaying these symbols so the operator is aware of potential dangers.
Next, conduct a brief visual inspection to identify possible safety hazards. Check for loose, cut or frayed wiring, or major damage from transport.
Location is essential when setting up a generator. Always place a generator on a flat, stable surface to reduce the likelihood of it tipping over.
To prevent carbon monoxide poisoning, never operate an engine-powered generator in an enclosed space. This includes partially enclosed spaces such as garages and sheds. Any indoor space, regardless of how well ventilated it may appear to be, should be avoided.
Additionally, the unit should be kept at least 3 feet away from an occupied building. Abiding by this guideline will ensure the safety of both workers and passersby.
Shock Hazards
Any amount of electric shock causes pain; a severe shock, however, can result in nerve and tissue damage. Following a few guidelines can prevent most shock hazards.
Properly grounding the generator during setup is crucial to preventing shock injuries. All generators include a small grounding lug. Simply wrap grounding wire around the lug and burrow it into the ground. If a malfunction occurs, the ground—not the operator—will absorb any electrical shock.
Operators also should be aware of the risk of backfeeding, which occurs when electrical power flows in the opposite direction as usual. Because of the dangers to utility workers and residents served by the same utility transformer, it’s illegal to plug a generator into a public service line.
Finally, even the smallest amount of moisture can be dangerous. In the event of rain or snow, shelter the generator with a protective cover or tarp.
Fire Hazards
When considering fire safety, location is key. Keep the generator away from items that ignite quickly such as wood, dry grass and leaves. Additionally, don’t place anything flammable near a generator. Fuel, matches, oily rags, trash or anything that’s even slightly flammable should be kept at a distance.
When it comes to gas- and diesel-powered units, this principle also must be applied to fuel storage. Use only approved containers and store fuel away from the generator. Check the fuel level prior to operation and fill if necessary, using caution to prevent spills. In the event fuel needs to be added during operation, turn off the unit and be sure the engine has cooled completely before refueling.
To prevent fire in the power cord, never overload the generator. Every unit has a wattage output, which must not be exceeded by the total wattage draw of the equipment being powered. In addition, plug all equipment directly into the generator. If extension cords must be used, be sure they are properly sized for the particular unit.
Heat Hazards
Engine-powered units can become extremely hot. Never touch a muffler, even after the generator has been shut off. Some manufacturers include guards around the muffler to protect against this danger.
The engine also can become very hot with prolonged use, so exercise caution when shutting it off. Disconnect all power equipment before turning it off; once the unit has completely cooled, store the generator and extension cords in a safe, dry place.